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I’ve been having fun with mountaintop VHF ham radio for decades, way before Summits On The Air (SOTA) was a thing. It is an activity that I enjoy very much during VHF contests, Parks On The Air (POTA) activations, SOTA activations, and just goofing around in the mountains. Most of this activity has been on the 2-meter band, but any frequency above 50 MHz can be fun.

My philosophy with ham radio is to have fun doing ham radio things and tell people about it. If they think VHF SOTA looks like fun, other hams may try it. At the same time, I want to be open about the challenges that may be encountered. Doing SOTA activations using just VHF can be difficult, even frustrating. (This is one of the reasons I like doing it.) So this post is a cautionary tale, focused on three essential principles.

1. VHF SOTA is easy to do, except when it’s not

A VHF SOTA activation can be as simple as taking a $30 handheld radio on a hike up a summit and making a few contacts on 146.52 MHz or another simplex frequency. The radio is compact, lightweight, and completely self-contained, ready to go! This is arguably the easiest way to do a SOTA activation if the summit is near a populated area.  For example, Genesee Mountain (W0C/FR-194) at 8284 feet overlooks the greater Denver area, so hike to that summit and you should have plenty of stations to work on 2m FM.

Now, try that same approach in a more rural part of the state and you may run into trouble. This is when VHF SOTA is challenging and potentially frustrating.

Which leads us to the second important principle…

2. You need to have chasers within range to contact

This is obvious, but you do need stations that are within range to work. This becomes more difficult in areas that have low population density. There may not be many radio hams within range of your chosen summit; they may not have 2m FM gear, they may not be listening to your frequency, and they may not even have the radio turned on.

Before activating a summit, consider the likely range and how many chasers might be around for you to contact. Take, for example, Aspen Ridge (W0C/SP-084) on the west side of South Park. The hike up is easy, and the elevation is substantial at 10,740 feet. The map shown above has a circle with a radius of ~25 miles, which is a conservative rule of thumb to get us started. Making radio contacts within this radius should be a slam dunk from this elevation, but it does depend on the actual terrain.

From the map, we can see that we should be able to work stations in Buena Vista and Salida, which are small mountain towns with a corresponding small ham radio population.  Some of these folks make it a habit to monitor 146.52 MHz to see what activity occurs on the calling frequency, which helps. But it helps to get the word out to the target audience that you will be on the air. The basic idea is to “send invitations” for your planned activation. The local radio club (Chaffee Lake Amateur Radio Association) has a groups.io list, so you could drop an email message there. If you know some of the hams in the area, you can always reach out and ask them to be listening for you. It is always good to post an ALERT and then a SPOT on SOTAwatch because some chasers may see that. Also, keep an eye on SOTAwatch for other SOTA activators that are on other summits.  During the summer months, it is common to encounter tourists, campers, hikers, or off-road enthusiasts on 2m simplex.

Looking at my Aspen Ridge logs, I see that I’ve worked K0MGL at his home station near Florrisant, at about 60 miles, with some mountains in the way. So the 25-mile radius shown on the map is quite conservative. (Much longer distances are possible.) Now, I probably would not be able to work K0MGL with just a handheld radio and a rubber duck antenna.

Which leads us to our third and final principle…

3. Every decibel of signal strength matters

VHF radio often gets described as being limited to “line of sight,” which is a helpful model but one that is incomplete. (See The Myth of VHF Line of Sight.) I often make VHF contacts beyond line of sight, bouncing signals around the mountains without knowing the actual radio path. These VHF SOTA contacts happen at the fringes of radio coverage. That is, there is just enough signal to complete a contact, but small changes in signal strength can make the difference between success and failure. So you should optimize your station as best you can.

First up is ditch the rubber duck antenna and get an antenna that is a half-wave in length on the 2-meter band. See A Better Antenna for Dualband Handhelds. Make sure it is a half-wave and not just one of those extended rubber duck antennas that are a quarter-wave. Those work a little better than the typical rubber duck, but the half-wave is far superior.

Another half-wave option is the roll-up J-pole antenna, such as the N9TAX Slim Jim antenna. (There is a slight difference in construction between a J-pole and a Slim Jim antenna but they are so similar, I consider them the same.) You can purchase this type of antenna already assembled, but it also makes for a fun project to build one from scratch. (Just search on the web for “2 meter j-pole antenna plan.”) You’ll need some way to support this antenna, such as a non-conductive pole or a rope strung from a tree.

The next step up in antenna performance is to add additional gain and directivity. I use the Arrow II 2m Yagi antenna, which provides about 6 dB of gain over a half-wave radiator. I normally just hold this antenna in my hand, but you can also set up a mast to support it.

Another option is to increase your power level. The typical HT puts out about 5 watts but a mobile radio can go up to 50 watts, a 10-dB improvement. While antenna improvements help on both transmit and receive, increased transmitter power only makes your transmitted signal stronger. However, if the other station is also running 50 watts in a vehicle or at home, more power from the summit tends to balance things out.

The key point here is that even a few decibels of improvement can yield more radio contacts.

Wrap It Up

So there we have it, three important principles to keep in mind when pursuing SOTA activations using VHF. I have had a ton of fun doing this, but I also know it can be frustrating. The most fun occurs when I make a long-distance contact that I did not expect. (My best DX from a SOTA summit using 2m FM is 245 miles.) Keeping these principles in mind helps to set expectations while providing some ideas for improving your odds of success.

73 Bob K0NR

The post The Truth About VHF SOTA appeared first on The KØNR Radio Site.

The Tri-Lakes Monument Radio Association in Monument, Colorado, is offering another ham radio license class. This time, we are doing it for Amateur Extra, which involves a lot more material and higher technical content. We are using a hybrid approach that blends live training sessions with online learning using the Ham Radio School online course.

We have used this approach with our Technician and General classes, but this will be the first time we’ve applied it to the Extra license class. The basic strategy is to provide the students with access to the online videos and ebook from Ham Radio School, supplemented with an in-person kick-off session and weekly review sessions via Zoom. This provides a high degree of flexibility for the students because they can view the excellent instruction videos on their own schedule. But they still have personal interaction with the instructor team to fill in any gaps. One of the key elements of our approach is to assign an experienced Elmer (mentor) to each student, to check in with them, provide encouragement, and answer any questions that come up.

The in-person kick-off session is in Monument on Oct 4th, and the class ends with the exam session on Nov 15th.

The Extra License is the top FCC amateur radio license, providing full access to all Amateur Radio Service band allocations.
• Upgrade from General to Extra Class radio privileges
• Pass your FCC Extra Class amateur license exam
• Expand your HF ops on 15-, 20-, 40-, & 80-meter bands
• Gain a deeper understanding of radio electronics and theory
• Take the next step with antennas, amplifiers, digital modes

Course Overview:

• A ~30-hour, paced course of study preparing you to pass the Extra exam.
• Online lessons on demand, with personal Elmer support from WØTLM.
• Video lessons, ebook, depth media, quizzes & practice exams, all provided.
• In-person initial session (Oct 4) & license exam session (Nov 15)
• Weekly live class reviews via remote meeting (Zoom).

Registration fee: $65 (Proceeds support the Tri-Lakes Monument Radio Association)
Students will receive a subscription to the online course: Ham Radio School Extra License Course
A current FCC General License is required for registration.

The Extra Class exam is much more difficult than the Technician and General exams. It is important to start with a good understanding of the Tech & General material as a foundation for the Extra material. You may want to spend some time reviewing the Tech and General topics before attending the Extra license class.

More information and registration page are here:
https://w0tlm.com/radio-classes/extra-registration

Download our one-page flyer here:
Extra License Class Flyer – Oct 2025

73 Bob K0NR

The post Extra License Class in Monument, CO appeared first on The KØNR Radio Site.

The Summits On The Air (SOTA) program offers a good set of tools for chasing and activating summits. Outside of the SOTA program, many different outdoor and hiking apps are also useful for planning and doing activations.

The tools I use have changed over time, so here’s an inventory of what I am currently using. This is not an exhaustive list, but my own personal, commonly-used list of tools. Recall that I typically chase and activate summits only on frequencies above 50 MHz, which affects how I use these apps.

Chasing

SOTAwatch is the main website for setting and monitoring Alerts and Spots, always useful.

The GoTo SOTA app on my iPhone is SOTA Goat, which can set and display alerts, spots, and other information. This app is very handy and useable.

I recently wrote about HamAlert, which I normally have set to let me know of any SOTA spot in the state of Colorado (W0C Association). I am looking for summits that I can work on VHF, so I monitor for only in-state activations.

Planning

For planning, the SOTA Atlas (Sotl.as) is an excellent mapping website. It offers some good filtering tools to view such things as unactivated summits, frequently-activated summits, summits that you have not activated this year, etc.

SOTA Atlas does more than just mapping. It includes pages that show other SOTA information.

Of course, the repository for all things SOTA is the SOTA Database. One handy feature for planning purposes is the Resources section associated with each summit. Here, your fellow SOTA enthusiasts may provide links or tips concerning activating a particular summit.

For more detailed mapping around a particular summit, I use GaiaGPS. I pay for the premium service that provides access to a wide variety of maps, which can be essential for finding the best access and approach to a summit. I use their iOS app, which I load with waypoints for summits in areas that I expect to activate.

Lately, I’ve been using AllTrails to gather route information for a particular hike or summit. There are many hiking apps out there, and you probably have your favorite.

Alerting & Spotting

To set an Alert or Spot, I use either SOTAwatch or SOTA Goat, already mentioned above. An Alert provides advance notice of an activation, while a Spot indicates that an activator is on the summit and on the air.

I have also found it helpful to maintain an email list of potential VHF chasers in my area, and I will drop them a quick email indicating that I’ll be on a summit at a particular time and frequency.  These folks may or may not pay attention to SOTAwatch, so pinging them via email lets them know a local activation is coming.

One app and website that I only use occasionally is SOTAmat (“SOTA Mate”). This is a very clever app that supports SOTA (and POTA) spotting when normal internet connectivity is not available. I have not used this app very often, but when I did, it was super helpful.

Logging

My hiking partner Joyce/K0JJW and I usually log on paper during an activation. When we get home, I transfer the paper log into an electronic format using the G0LGS SOTA Editor. This is the best, simple SOTA logging program I have found. Sorry, it only runs on Windows. It stores the log in CSV format, but it can also export the info into ADIF.

Sometimes I need to edit and manipulate the log file, especially when I do a combined SOTA + POTA activation. ADIF Master is an excellent tool for editing ADIF files. (Sorry, Windows only.)

Summary

This is an overview of the main tools I use for SOTA. It is quite awesome that we have these apps and websites available for free or at a very low cost.

What tools are you using for SOTA?

73 Bob K0NR

The post My Favorite SOTA Tools appeared first on The KØNR Radio Site.

Many of you already know about this wonderful alert tool: HamAlert. From the HamAlert website:

HamAlert is a system that allows you to get notifications when a desired station appears on the DX cluster, the Reverse Beacon Network, SOTAwatch, POTA, WWFF Spotline, or PSK Reporter. No need to keep checking these resources manually if you’re looking for a certain callsign, DXCC, CQ zone, IOTA island, SOTA summit or WWFF/POTA reference.

HamAlert is quite versatile, allowing you to tune its alerts to meet your needs. You do this by defining triggers that, well, trigger an alert. I won’t cover all of the possibilities here, but I will show you how I have my triggers set:

Most of these are just ham friends and family that I want to keep track of, see when they are on the air: K0JJW, KF9EY, KB9DPF, & W0BV. W0BV is a special case because he is an active DXer not too far from me, so it is helpful to see what he’s doing on 6 meters and HF. W0CLA and KV0CO are the callsigns of clubs I belong to. For these callsigns, the trigger is set for any activity on any band.

K0GU is a noted 6m enthusiast in Colorado that I follow because if something is happening on 6m, he is usually in the mix. (A major part of the challenge of 6 meters is knowing when the band opens.)

Probably the most important trigger for me is the Summit Association W0C, which alerts me whenever a SOTA activation is spotted in Colorado (W0C). I am only interested in working Activators on VHF/UHF, but I set the trigger for any band. Many times, activators are spotted only on HF, but they may still operate VHF/UHF. Similar to this is the POTA trigger for parks in Colorado. I just want to be alerted to park activations happening only in my state.

I have my callsign K0NR on the list because it is helpful to know where I am getting spotted. This can be very helpful when trying to work DX or activating a SOTA summit. If I am looking for a particular DX callsign, entity (country) or zone, I can add that to this list as well. When we travel, I may adjust these for local activity, depending on the situation.

I generally set up the triggers via the web interface and then receive the Alerts on my iPhone, via the HamAlert app, as shown below.

Anyway, take a look at this handy app and let me know how you use it.

73 Bob K0NR

The post HamAlert Is My Friend appeared first on The KØNR Radio Site.

I’ve been whining about the fact that for many years the 2m FM calling frequency, 146.52 MHz, was prohibited for use in VHF contests and Field Day. See The One Frequency You Should Never Use on Field Day. Well, the ARRL removed this restriction in 2015, so that issue has been resolved.

The CQ WW VHF contest also prohibited the use of 146.52 MHz, and up until now stuck with it. During the reconfiguration of this contest into two separate contests:  analog contest (CW/SSB/FM) and digital contest (FT8, FT4, etc.), the 146.52 rule was dropped. The rules now say:

Use of commonly recognized repeater frequencies is prohibited. Recognized FM simplex frequencies such as 146.49, .52, .55, and .58, and local-option simplex channels may be used for contest purposes.

Of course, this change is only relevant to the analog contest, as FM is not allowed in the digital contest.

This is a relatively minor change, not earth-shattering at all, but it cleans up an outdated rule in the CW WW VHF contest. This eliminates the need for me to explain to new VHF contesters that you can’t use the calling frequency.

73 Bob K0NR

The post CQ WW VHF Contest Allows 146.52 MHz appeared first on The KØNR Radio Site.

This weekend is the ARRL Field Day, a great opportunity for individual hams, small groups, and radio clubs to get on the ham bands and have some fun. But what is Field Day all about? The ARRL says this:

Field Day is ham radio’s open house. Every June, more than 31,000 hams throughout North America set up temporary transmitting stations in public places to demonstrate ham radio’s science, skill and service to our communities and our nation. It combines public service, emergency preparedness, community outreach, and technical skills all in a single event. Field Day has been an annual event since 1933, and remains the most popular event in ham radio.

I have always thought that one of the great things about Field Day is that it can be tuned to whatever interests you or your club. It can be a Radio Contest, an Emergency Communications Exercise, a Radio Campout; a Food Fest, a Beer-Drinking Party, a Social Event, a SOTA or POTA activation,  a Public Relations event, an Educational Event, a Mentoring or Training event, or (very likely) some combination of these ideas. Or insert your idea here. In other words, “season to taste” and make it your own.

Always remember the Universal Purpose of Amateur Radio:

The Universal Purpose of Amateur Radio is To Have Fun Messing Around with Radios.

If you’re not having fun, you’re not doing it right.

73 Bob K0NR

The post Field Day: Season to Taste appeared first on The KØNR Radio Site.

See Part 2 of this report.

Ofu Island is not easily accessible, so it was a key decision on whether to include it as part of the trip. The more I read about American Samoa, the more I noticed that many of the best photos were from Ofu Island. It has a huge beach that stretches along the south side of the island, located within the national park. Not only that, Ofu has an attractive SOTA summit with an excellent view. So, yeah, we needed to go there.

Getting There

Flights from Pago Pago to Ofu are scheduled for Tuesday and Thursday mornings on Samoa Airways. We wanted more than two days on Ofu, so we arrived on a Thursday with a return flight on the following Tuesday. These are small planes with strict weight limits on baggage: 5 kg (11 lbs) for one carry-on bag and 15 kg (33 lbs) for one checked bag. The airline weighs everything and everybody going onto the flight. You can pay for extra luggage, but you risk having it left behind for a later flight if your flight happens to be overweight.

We opted to take only the essentials to Ofu, repacking our gear to fit into just a few bags. Only the lightweight SOTA station went with us, along with snorkel gear and minimal clothing. Everything else was stored at the Tradewinds Hotel.

Lodging

There are limited lodging options on Ofu. We chose to stay at the Vaoto Lodge, right next to the airstrip. The rooms at the lodge are very basic but do have air conditioners. There are no restaurants on the island. The lodge offers a shared kitchen for its guests to prepare their own meals, as well as a limited but adequate selection of groceries for purchase. This may not work for everyone, but Joyce was able to come up with some excellent meals for us.

Four people were staying at the lodge when we were there, including us. One person was there to work on a government-sponsored project. The other was a tourist from New Zealand. So there were probably only three tourists on Ofu at that time.

The best information I found concerning Ofu is: The Ultimate Guide to Ofu Island, American Samoa. This was very helpful, but also double-check the details concerning lodging and airline flights, as things do change with time. Based on the advice of the locals, we concluded that Tumu Mountain was our only SOTA option on Ofu. Sunuitao Peak and Piumafua Mountain (on Olosega Island, connected to Ofu by a bridge) are not considered hikeable.

Tumu Mountain (KH8/MI-003)
The trail to the summit is 3 miles one-way, with 1500 feet of elevation gain. This trail used to be a road, starts out wide and narrows as the elevation increases. It is overgrown in spots, and there is a rope assist in one difficult spot. This video provides a good overview of the climb. This trail is not in the national park.

Our host at Vaoto Lodge dropped us off at the trailhead and picked us up afterward. The hike begins in some 18-inch-high brush that includes some plants with stickers. I wore shorts and accumulated quite a few scratches on my legs. If I do this hike again, I would start with long pants or gaiters and switch to shorts at the first trail marker, about one-half mile up the trail. This trail marker indicates a left turn that starts the climb up the side of the mountain. As the map shows, there is a big switchback that keeps the slope of the trail reasonable.

Near the summit, we noted a sign indicating a trail to the left for the viewpoint, but we continued to the summit. The actual summit is covered by dense vegetation, so we stopped where the trail faded out, labeled “Operating Location” on the map, within the activation zone. There is a small radio installation here. To get to the actual summit would require a serious bushwhack through the tropical forest.

We set up the SOTA station using our smaller antenna mast (fishing pole) and fired up the IC-705 on 17m FT8. Conditions were not great, but we both worked four stations on HF plus each other on VHF/UHF. We were running behind schedule for our pickup time, so we did not operate any longer than necessary.

On our descent, we took the side trail over to the viewpoint, which was fantastic. This is the best photo we took in American Samoa. We are accustomed to hiking in the Rocky Mountains, where reaching a high summit always provides a great view. Tropical forests are a lot different…the vegetation may not allow you to see anything of interest on a summit. Finding a good viewpoint can be challenging.

POTA (AS-0001)

We found a nice spot on Ofu Beach (-14.17776, -169.65428), about a one-mile walk from Vaoto Lodge that is a great place to snorkel and operate ham radio. There is a little shelter there that provides some protection from rain. We did seven POTA activations from this location using the smaller SOTA station with 10 watts. These QSOs were mainly on 15m and 17m, using digital transmissions (FT8 via the iPhone app and the IC-705).

We were supposed to leave Ofu on Tuesday morning, but our flight was delayed until the afternoon. We were aware that flights to/from Ofu can be delayed or cancelled, and we planned some flexibility into our schedule to mitigate this risk. We still made it to Pago Pago that day, returning to the Tradewinds Hotel. After our wonderful stay on Ofu, this felt like a welcome return to civilization.

We were delighted to have visited Ofu Island and highly recommend it. However, it did add six days to the trip, so it may not work for travelers with a more limited schedule.

Wrap Up On the Whole Trip

This concludes our KH8 trip report. Joyce and I had a fantastic time in American Samoa and enjoyed the ham radio aspect of the trip. The only stations we worked on VHF/UHF were each other, which was not a big surprise, but still disappointing. Oh, well, I guess that’s why we have access to the HF spectrum.

Some additional travel notes here:
K0NR Guide to American Samoa

73 Bob KH8/K0NR

The post KH8 SOTA/POTA (3) – Ofu Island appeared first on The KØNR Radio Site.