Tidbits From the QRP History Book

I've been reading, in small doses, "The History of QRP in the U.S., 1924 - 1960" by Adrian Weiss, W0RSP. So after reading about some of the beginnings of the QRP movement it is interesting to note in 1924, QST Technical Editor, Robert S. Kruse, 1XAM, went on the offensive in  promoting low power operation. His methods however were a little different than might be tried  today.

It seems that Kruse felt that American operators had become too enamored with high power operation and that the QRM and inefficiencies of high power operation were precluding the "grassroots" operator from even hearing DX stations. Weiss writes,

 "QST continually derided the abuse of power among American amateurs by coining a long list of derogatory epithets for the high power types. Such names as "watt-hog", "ether buster", "tribe of ampere hounds", "ampere chaser", "thunder factory', "watt burner" and "most miles per gallon" flowed across the pages of QST, leaving little doubt as to the attitude of the QST staff, and presumably the ARRL, to combat the developing dependence upon brute power by American amateurs in place of the ideals embodied in the QRP Operator...."

In, December 1923, the very first QRP contest, The Station Efficiency Contest, was announced with this subtitle, "Miles Per Watt: An Argument For The Small Set and For Intelligence In Place of Brute Force" Weiss comments, "In other words, the use of low power was inextricably linked with intelligence and diametrically opposite to high power"

Further Kruse argued, "...what if his brute power does let him cover 4,000 miles, isn't he still inferior to the other man who handled his power correctly and went twice as far per watt?"

So there you have it, QRP operation = Intelligence.

Need we say more;-)

The book goes into much more detail about the attack on high power operation and rising credibility of the QRP operator in those early days. Interesting reading and entertaining as well.



Mike Crownover, AD5A, is a regular contributor to AmateurRadio.com and writes from Texas, USA. Contact him at [email protected].

20m WSPR

Tonight: 20 meter WSPR before all signals fade out.


Paul Stam, PC4T, is a regular contributor to AmateurRadio.com and writes from the Netherlands. Contact him at [email protected].

Digital Voice (DV) – the new FM?

Once upon a time FM swept away AM, but DV is taking its time despite some clear advantages.

I’ve had yet another stunning 5W mobile QSO on 2m this morning on my way to work. Several miles of clear, unbroken chat, without mobile flutter. DV mode delivers good quality voice against a noiseless background. It is sometimes claimed that coverage is roughly extended by 20% due to advantages of this mode, even. I doubt this is entirely true, but an excellent quality of communication is doggedly maintained before ‘falling off’ very quickly. It is quite robust and packed with extras. Ideal for V/UHF and it’s been around for several years.

Even the 2m band-plan in the UK lists all the simplex channels as dual FM/DV. I must admit that I and my friends keep traffic to the UK DV calling frequency (144.6125 MHz) to ensure anyone equipped with DV will hear us and join. If the current FM population heard our carriers on normal working channels, they would be quick to complain about the noise the noise as QRM.

This is what DV sounds like on your FM radio:


DV mode is famous for being the common mode that binds the larger DSTAR system (Digital Smart Technology for Amateur Radio), but excels as a simplex mode too. No analogue mode will embed your callsign for display, report your GPS position, over a low speed data link – all during a normal voice QSO, rounded off with an inoffensive little beep at the end of the over. (Because there is absolutely no background noise, it’s difficult to detect when someone has released their PTT). This is why DV is such a superb candidate to network via DSTAR. This is where radio marries the internet and we are its children.

The new Icom IC-7100 even has people quirkily chatting away on 4m with DV mode, which I gather works very well.

So what is DV mode made from? Well, your voice is encoded digitally using a vocoder optimised for voice communications in the same way your mobile phone does. The device that does this is called the AMBE chip (Advance MultiBand Excitation). Some people moan that this is unfair being a proprietary device, not being open source technology. However an AMBE chip can be freely bought for just a few dollars and uses proven, reliable technology. Inmarsat have been using it for years.

The digitised voice at 3600bps combines with an additional 1200bps (which you can do anything you want with! Think file transfer, photos, messaging etc.) before being modulated. The 3600bps voice data also includes 1200bps FEC (Forward Error Correction), which sends a little extra data in case any gets lost over the air. When bits are lost, the receiver uses this extra data the plug in the gaps. The modulation scheme is GMSK (Gaussian Mode Shift Keying), which is basically a form of phase modulation. You’ll also appreciate that all new modes often save bandwidth as well as improving quality and a DV carrier will happily fit into 12.5kHz channelised plans.



So, what are we waiting for? The manufacturers! The market is caught up in adoption stalemate, with Icom having settled for DV whilst others shun compatibility. But there are also homebrew DV options out there, with modulator/codec boards that will plug into your FM radio (via the packet port or tap into the discriminator) turning your analogue radio into a dual-mode digital delight.
My home DSTAR hotspot. Comprising 2m PMR radio (underneath), GMSK modem (top) and Raspberry Pi computer (bottom).
There are other digital modes out there too, all with different strengths and weaknesses – and they are interesting. But for the sake of everyday commonality and general take-up, I think DV has it.

So is it time to catch up with modern telecommunications techniques and move away from analogue FM? Maybe there’s something in the more ‘tactile’ feel of FM: The waxing and waning, the background hiss, the heterodyne-ing. You seem to know exactly what’s happening and what’s about to happen. So many modes – enjoy the hobby!

Rob Law, MW0DNK, is a regular contributor to AmateurRadio.com and writes from Anglesey, Wales. Contact him at [email protected].

Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) on 2013/09/29

A magnificent eruption ejected a massive cloud of solar plasma out away from the Sun, into interplanetary space on September 29th (2013/09/29).  A long filament of plasma hovered above the photosphere, captured by the magnetism in the Sun’s northern hemisphere.  Then, it erupted in spectacular energy as seen by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, and by Stereo and SOHO spacecraft. This plasma eruption produced a stunningly beautiful coronal mass ejection (CME).

Coronal mass ejections are often associated with solar activity such as solar flares, but a causal relationship has not been established. A coronal mass ejection is also produced when a plasma filament (or prominence) breaks away from the magnetic clutch of the Sun, escaping the gravitational pull. While many plasma ejections originate from active regions on the Sun’s surface, such as groupings of sunspots associated with frequent flares, any plasma formation could break away. Near solar maxima, the Sun produces about three CMEs every day, whereas near solar minima, there is about one CME every five days or even less frequently.

When a CME passes Earth (not all CMEs are directed toward the Earth), it could cause geomagnetic disturbances, triggering aurora and causing disruption of shortwave radio communications.

Although this CME was not aimed at Earth, it passed by the Earth with a glancing blow from the plasma cloud on October 2-3 2013. This caused a geomagnetic storm (minor level), which lowered the Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) over many ionospheric radio-wave propagation paths on shortwave radio.  This lowing of the MUF is often regarded as a
degradation of shortwave radio conditions.  Some aurora is also produced, though this event did not cause much significant aurora.

Here’s a video showing the magnificent plasma eruption and CME:

Credit: SOHO/Stereo/SDO/NASA

More info: http://SunSpotWatch.com and on Facebook at
https://www.facebook.com/spacewx.hfradio

Aurora Watch: http://Aurora.SunSpotWatch.com


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The West Virginia Chapter of the NAQCC Club

I’ve reached a peak in this QRP radio hobby where I have a deep desire to share my enthusiasm for Morse Code and QRP radio with those in my  home state of West Virginia. The announcement of the West Virginia Chapter of the North American QRP CW Club is in the  current newsletter  of the NAQCC club this month.

I’ve included a link to our “West Virginia Chapter” page on the right side of this blog, so be sure to check it for the latest information on activities and feel free to drop your comments and suggestions for our  NAQCC WV Chapter on this site.

West Virginia is a beautiful place to live and we’re known as the “Mountain State” for good reasons. There are more than one hundred “mountain tops” at more than 4,000 ft elevation. West Virginia is also a “rural” state where electrical noise is nearly “zero” in many places. This makes an “excellent” venue for low power Morse Code radio operations.

This local chapter is for the CW QRP operators in West Virginia. I’ve discovered around 40 NAQCC members on their national membership list. I find around 20 are “radio active” in our state. I hope to hear from and meet many of them as soon as possible.

Listen for our chapter on the standard QRP frequencies of all bands. Check the  NAQCC WV Chapter   for our future activities.

If you’re a WV QRP CW radio operator, and not on the NAQCC membership roles; drop me a line and I’ll be more than happy to include you on their (and our) e-mail list. Membership is absolutely and unconditionally “free”. 




John Smithson, Jr., N8ZYA, is a regular contributor to AmateurRadio.com and writes from West Virginia, USA. Contact him at [email protected].

ICQ Podcast S06 E20 – Using PC as test Equipment (06 October 2013)

Series Six Episode Twenty of the ICQ Amateur / Ham Radio Podcast has  been released. The latest news and Martin, M1MRB & W9ICQ discusses using a PC as test equipment.

•​VK amateurs win reprieve for 2300-2302 MHz
•FCC dismisses 'Encryption' petition
•YL Activity Week
•Guantanamo Bay
•School to launch 434 MHz balloon
•The question is: .... "Explain amateur radio?"
•Amateur Radio well underway in Kosovo
•Turkish Special Event
•Swedish Radio Hams on 472 kHz
•White House recognizes Radio Ham as 'Champion of Change'

 


 


Colin Butler, M6BOY, is the host of the ICQ Podcast, a weekly radio show about Amateur Radio. Contact him at [email protected].

ICQ Podcast S06 E20 – Using PC as test Equipment (06 October 2013)

Series Six Episode Twenty of the ICQ Amateur / Ham Radio Podcast has  been released. The latest news and Martin, M1MRB & W9ICQ discusses using a PC as test equipment.

•​VK amateurs win reprieve for 2300-2302 MHz
•FCC dismisses 'Encryption' petition
•YL Activity Week
•Guantanamo Bay
•School to launch 434 MHz balloon
•The question is: .... "Explain amateur radio?"
•Amateur Radio well underway in Kosovo
•Turkish Special Event
•Swedish Radio Hams on 472 kHz
•White House recognizes Radio Ham as 'Champion of Change'

 


 


Colin Butler, M6BOY, is the host of the ICQ Podcast, a weekly radio show about Amateur Radio. Contact him at [email protected].

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